Scumbag
这两天纽约时报上演了不大不小的一出闹剧,起源竟然是星期一的crossword puzzle(纵横填字游戏,就是根据提示在空格里填上字母、使所有横行和纵行都成为有效单词的游戏)。这一期的游戏里,其中一个单词的线索为scoundrel,实际答案是scumbag。报纸因为这个接到了一些投诉。
这两个词都是“无赖”、“卑鄙小人”的意思,所以一个作线索一个作答案似乎合情合理。看了相关的报道,才知道原来scumbag还有别的意思,难怪会引起部分保守主义者的不满。Jesse Sheidlower(牛津词典的总编)作了解释:
The original meaning of scumbag is “condom.” The Oxford English Dictionary dates the term to 1967, with 1971 as the first example of the “despicable person” sense, but current research has pushed the dates back to 1935 (based on the still earlier scum, “semen,” and bag, “a condom”) and 1950 respectively.
也就是说,scumbag最早是condom的意思。不过避孕套很普及啊,不至于要投诉吧?
原来纽约时报在用词方面一向有很严格的要求,而scumbag一直以来都被列为“粗俗”的单词,所以在一般情况下禁用。这次的crossword居然堂而皇之地出现了scumbag,而且不是因为什么情况特殊而破例,所以读者都认定是编辑的失职,因此就有了投诉的闹剧。
尽管我现在了解了来龙去脉,我还是觉得投诉没什么必要。俗话说“不知者无罪”嘛!Scumbag又不像F-word、MF-word、C-word、N-word那样人尽皆知,不知道它“粗俗”很正常啊。Sheidlower显然同意我的看法:
If you didn’t know the word’s dubious history, you might be hard-pressed to discover it. And you wouldn’t be alone in your ignorance. In a New York Times forum, puzzle editor Will Shortz wrote, “The thought never crossed my mind this word could be controversial.” Lynn Lempel, the author of the puzzle, wrote in a crossword blog, “I’m dumbfounded—and also just plain dumb I guess. I was totally ignorant of its vulgar side.” Shortz said he would not include the word again.
最有意思的是这段(最后那句话很经典):
Evidence suggests that many people, especially younger speakers, are unaware of the sexual meaning. All major general American dictionaries—Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, the American Heritage Dictionary, Webster’s New World College Dictionary, the New Oxford American Dictionary, the Random House Webster’s College Dictionary—include the word only in its “despicable person” sense, without any “vulgar” label or acknowledgment of its origins. The “condom” sense can be found only in the largest dictionaries, such as the Random House Unabridged and the Oxford English Dictionary, not out of ignorance or prudery, but because the sense isn’t very common. And it’s not even clear why “condom” is such an offensive concept.
我查了下手头的Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary,scumbag也只有an unpleasant person的意思,丝毫没提到condom,所以这个填字游戏的作者和编辑的确有点冤。不过他们受点委屈,倒是顺便帮我扫了下盲。看来“Everything happens for a reason.”这句话还是有道理的。
相关链接:
The Dirty Word in 43 Down
Once You Pop, You Can’t Stop
Bonus video: Kanye West featuring Adam Levine - Heard ‘Em Say
April 9th, 2006 at 9:59 am
嘿嘿,不过金山里就有这个解释哦…
April 9th, 2006 at 10:08 am
来看看金山词霸的解释:
scumbag
n.
〈俚〉1.避孕套 2.卑鄙的家伙
Yan:
最近在这里留言的朋友都很有默契啊,经常想到一块儿去。看着挺逗的。
April 9th, 2006 at 12:30 pm
引用我经理前段时间的一句话,“we may be the star right now, but we certainly don’t want to be the scumbag at the end of the year, when the bonus is decided”. 估计绝大多数人都不知道scumbag的原意吧。好像suck一样。
Yan:
连那个crossword puzzle的作者也不知道,说“绝大多数”应该八九不离十。
Suck还有什么典故吗?“吮吸”?这个意思大家都知道啊。你该不会指b job吧?
April 9th, 2006 at 12:36 pm
啊呀太巧了!今天下午NPR的On the Media节目就提到了crossword puzzle!那里面提到纵横字谜在1913年问世后不久就风靡全国。可是纽约时报一直拒绝刊登字谜,嫌它没什么内涵。不过到了现在,纽约时报的字谜反倒成了字谜的大哥大。我听说要想让别人觉得你特别有知识,最好的办法就是拿过一张周日版纽约时报,翻到字谜版,嚓嚓嚓几下填完,然后很不屑的随手一扔,嘴里嘟囔一声:“Boring”。
我觉得有些美国人挺多事的。本来好好的谁也不知道scumbag还有那个意思,叫他们一吵嚷反而弄得大家都知道了。要么就是摆显自己挺博学的,要么就是假正经得不行。话说回来,这个scumbag好像还挺形象的。。。。。。
condom这个字又是怎么来的呢?
Yan:
知音!强烈同意你的观点!
等我哪天心血来潮去挖挖condom背后的故事。不过最近似乎太“坏”了,要乖一阵子。
April 9th, 2006 at 10:21 pm
强人,这里的强人真多,你们的英语是怎么学习的?我现在工作中也用到一些,比如邮件了之类的,但苦于能力有限,还在学习中,有没有哪位朋友愿意公布一下msn,我们交流一下?
BTW,我已把这个地址设为我IE的home page了,希望能在这里多学点东西。
Yan:
最常在这里留言的都是一些身在美国、精通中美两国文化的高手。你点他们的名字就可以进入他们的博客,应该可以找到联系方式。
谢谢你把这里设为首页,很荣幸。
April 10th, 2006 at 10:40 am
是呀,我的前老板曾经一本正经的教导我说,’suck’ became popular after the Clinton administration. 搞得我莫名其妙不说,至今一用到某人某事sucks还是心有余悸,惶惶不安。
Yan:
B job应该不算suck的本义吧?“吮吸”可以是很纯洁的,嘻嘻。
Sb/sth sucks我觉得没任何问题,你不用太担心。关键在于“第一反应”。你说某人sucks,正常人的第一反应肯定是“某人真差劲”,而不是“某人pulls a Clinton”。
April 10th, 2006 at 1:25 pm
奇怪,为什么他们不投诉字典里也收入了那么多的“脏词”?
April 11th, 2006 at 12:56 am
嗬嗬,这篇勾起了不少无聊的思绪…
Pull a Clinton? You meant “pull a Monica”, didn’t you? Unless cunninglingus (sp?) counts as sucking, too, which it should.
Condom 这东西,多年以前看过一篇中文资料,说是因为最早有个英国医生叫什么康顿的,最早使用羊皮还是羊肠衣还是羊身上别的什么东西做这个用途,以后这个就用他的名字了。谁证实/证否一下。
说到粗俗,我每次看到电视上有人说 spunk/spunky 就忍不住要笑。
伏明霞同学说了,学英语也不学骂人话。咱专门反其道而行之。
Yan:
Oops, busted.
我其实是想说pull a Lewinsky,不太确信拼写又懒得去查,就用Clinton代替了。还是没逃过高手的火眼金睛啊。
那个词好像是cunnilingus。And yes, I think sucking includes fellatio and cunnilingus both.
Spunk?您老果然高!再感叹一次。让我想起那个“龙王”(long wang)的笑话。男人不坏,女人不爱,嘿嘿。
April 11th, 2006 at 12:45 pm
N-word 和 C-word是什么,请教。
Yan:
N-word: http://www.bartleby.com/61/11/N0101100.html
C-word: http://www.bartleby.com/61/62/C0806200.html
似乎教坏了很多纯洁的少男少女,快成罪人了。
April 11th, 2006 at 7:54 pm
I only knew “scum”… So any difference between these two?
Yan:
As far as I’m concerned, “scum” is worse than “scumbag”. The former is “渣滓/败类” while the latter is simply “可鄙/讨厌的人”.
April 12th, 2006 at 10:46 am
就算是crossword里直接用condom这个词也没什么呀。什么时候美国民众这么羞涩保守了?
我猜很可能是那一小撮认得scumbag的“知识分子”认为报纸编辑词汇量不够,怒其不争,所以屈尊投诉了。
因为这篇帖子,我又另外获得了一些新知,hoho
April 12th, 2006 at 11:42 pm
美国很大一部分民众好像一直这么羞涩保守。Frickin’ prudes.
什么遮盖司法女神乳房之类的变态思想很有市场嘀…
Yan:
You crack me up, dude.
April 14th, 2006 at 4:03 pm
I am a teacher so I can’t teach these words…
但今天我后悔跟学生讲了个故事。说一男一女离婚,女方在收拾东西,男的问:“Can I give you a hand? ”
女的答道:“No, thanks. You could use it some day.”